- Enucleation
- Surgical removal of the entire eye and its contents, while preserving the surrounding eye socket structures.
- DFO (Distal Femoral Osteotomy)
- A technique that realigns the quadriceps mechanism by correcting a femoral deformity.
- TPLO
- Tibial-Plateau-Leveling Osteotomy — surgery that stabilizes the knee joint after a cruciate ligament rupture.
- DPO (Double Pelvic Osteotomy)
- Performed on dogs with hip subluxation caused by joint laxity or a steep hip socket angle.
- Luxating Patella
- When a dog's kneecap shifts out of its normal groove in the thighbone.
- Castration
- The common term for neutering — surgical removal of both testicles to sterilize a male dog.
- Ovariohysterectomy
- The medical term for spaying — surgical removal of a female dog's ovaries and uterus.
- Hydrotherapy
- Physiotherapy exercises performed in water under a trained hydrotherapist's supervision.
- Ischial Fracture
- A pelvic fracture, typically from a vehicle accident, that often causes severe lameness in the hind legs.
- Physiotherapy
- Techniques that help a dog regain use of their limbs, reduce pain, and improve mobility — including hydrotherapy and electrostimulation.
- Giardia
- A single-celled intestinal parasite, most common in puppies, contracted through contaminated water or feces.
- Coxo-Femoral Joint
- The ball-and-socket hip joint, formed by the femoral head and the pelvis.
- FHO
- Femoral Head Ostectomy — orthopedic surgery that removes hip pain and restores mobility by removing the damaged femoral head and neck.
- Hydrotherapist
- A professional who uses water-based treatment for conditions like arthritis or partial paralysis.
- Hip Dysplasia
- A malformation of the hip's ball and socket, causing them to grind instead of moving smoothly.
- Bilateral Hip Fracture
- A fracture affecting both hips, usually from high-impact trauma, requiring FHO surgery to relieve pain.
- Electrostimulation
- Low-level electrical currents applied to a muscle group, often after significant muscle injury, atrophy, or surgery.
